Tag: Beekeeping

Beekeeping Video – Honey Bees Life Cycle

As a beekeeper, it is very important to understand the life cycle of the honey bee. You do not need to know the exact scientific details, but knowing the basics is essential for the everyday management of your bees –  so that you can tell if the bees are healthy and the colony strong, and if not what is wrong and what intervention is needed.

Here is a great video from ScienceOnline which explains really clearly about the life cycle of the honey bee, and has some fascinating close up shots of the bees at work.

Beekeeping Video: How To Feed Your Bees With Sugar Syrup

Here’s a great video from Georgia beekeeper John Pluta, showing exactly how he mixes sugar syrup to top up feed his bees in the spring and fall.

In the summer time, your bees should have a plentiful supply of nectar and pollen from flowers and trees. But in the fall, after you have harvested the honey, you need to be sure that they have enough stores to keep them going through the winter. The way you do this is by feeding them sugar syrup, which they take down into the hive, store and cap, in just the same way they do with nectar to make honey.

In the spring time, when the bees are starting to get active but before there is a plentiful supply of nectar, the bees may also need top up feeds to keep them going until there is sufficient available for them outside the hive. This top up feeding is an essential part of beekeeping – without enough food, your bees will simply starve. Aside from pests and disease, this is one of the biggest risks your bees will face, and it’s part of good beekeeping management to make sure that this does not happen.

Components of the Modern Beehive

All modern beehives are based on the Langstroth hive, named after Reverend LL Langstroth, a 19th century beekeeper. He discovered the idea of ‘bee space.’ If a space is left within the beehive of between 1/4 and 3/8 inch, it is large enough to allow the bees to pass back to back, and it will remain untouched by the bees. Any smaller and the bees will fill it with propolis, any larger and they will fill it with comb.

Using this idea, Langstroth patented the first moveable frame hive. Without the correct bee space, moveable frames were not possible, as the bees would ‘glue’ them together, making them immovable.

The basic Langstroth type hive is shown below (image courtesy of Beehives.info).

beehive_diagram

Modern beehive components

The components of the Langstroth beehive (from the bottom up) are as follows.

Hive stand

The stand which keeps the hive off the ground, to stop any dampness getting into the hive. Bees can handle cold, but they cannot tolerate dampness.

Bottom board

This is a wooden stand which the hive rests on. This also includes the entrance for the bees to get into (and out of) the hive.

Deep super

Also known as the hive body or the brood chamber, this is where the queen lays all her eggs and all the bees are reared. Some honey and pollen is also stored here for the bees own use, but most of the comb is filled with brood.

Queen excluder

This has openings large enough to allow the smaller worker bees to pass through, but too small for the larger queen. This means that the queen is confined to the brood box and will lay all her eggs in it, so the shallow supers are used only to store honey.

Shallow super

These are the boxes containing the moveable frames of comb where the bees store the honey. The frames can be wired or unwired, and come with a wax foundation, which the bees then draw out with honeycomb.

Inner cover

This provides extra insulation, and prevents the bees from attaching comb to the outer cover.

Outer cover

A lid to provide protection from the elements.

The exception to this basic design is the top bar hive, which has no frames (just ‘top bars,’ hence the name) but they do still use the idea of bee space, and the bars (with comb attached) are moveable.

Langstroth’s ideas radically changed the face of beekeeping, and it is not without reason that he is considered the “father of American beekeeping.”

Raw Honey Versus the Honey Most People Know

Those familiar with the Bible have most certainly heard of Canaan. It was known best as the land of milk and honey. What do milk and honey have in common? Both of these elements in their purest states are unpasteurized.

Pasteurization was named in 1862, and was realized as a way to kill bacteria that accelerate spoiling of consumable goods. This is done by heat treating the edibles. The majority of goods found in the market today have been pasteurized in order to extend their shelf life.

Unfortunately, this process can also cause the disruption of nutrients that are found in the natural byproduct of the animals. For years we have been stripping these nutrients in an effort to reduce spoilage and possible disease contamination, but most recently an effort has been made to go back to products found in a more natural state in order to reap their full benefits.

Some foods are clearly labeled as pasteurized, while others may need closer inspection of the label to determine what they are. One of these foods that needs extra consideration is honey.

There is a lot of work done by the bees in the manufacturing of honey. To begin, the worker bees will fly out as far as four miles from the hive in search of some local nectar. When the bee finds a flower, she will gather nectar and store it in her “honey stomach.”

Upon returning to the hive, the contents of the worker bees secondary stomach is removed or sucked out by a house bee. The house bee chemically breaks down the polysaccharides of the nectar into some more simple sugars. This makes the nectar more easily digestible and results in honey that is spread throughout the honeycombs.

The bees have processed this sugar in a way to make it  less vulnerable to bacteria within the hive as well. The bees will go one step further in their preservation process by fanning the honey with their wings to reduce it’s moisture content – making it even less susceptible to bacteria. Honey is then sealed with a protective beeswax and kept until it is ready for consumption.

In this still pure state, the honey is packed with nutrients, antioxidants, and is an amazing energy source. In the United States, it is quite common for honey manufacturers to pasteurize the honey that is collected in an effort to destroy bacteria and prevent fermentation by unseen yeasts. This is done to help increase the shelf life of the sweet syrup, but as a side effect it removes additional nutrients that are beneficial to humans.

How do you know the condition of the honey you have purchased? Unprocessed honey will be be labeled at 100 percent raw. You can obtain a fairly long shelf life with raw honey as long as you keep it stored under ideal conditions.

The bees have worked hard already to provide a product that is most beneficial in it’s pure state. Next time you go shopping for honey, do have a good look at the label.  Even better, keep your own bees and then you can be sure to have truly raw honey.

Beekeeping Courses

Beekeeping is quite easy when you know how, but to start with there is a lot to learn and it can all be quite daunting. While it is true that the best way to really learn how to do something is to actually do it for yourself, it definitely is a good idea to get as much information as possible about your new hobby before you start beekeeping. One of the best ways to do this is by taking one of the many beekeeping courses available.

There are dozens of beekeeping courses held all around the country, especially in the spring time (the best time to start keeping bees). To find one near you, search on the internet for beekeeping courses in your area – you’ll be surprised how many you find.

Rather than doing the work yourself, if you ‘tweet’, then follow us on Twitter – links to all the beekeeping courses we come across are posted here. Or, if you are on Facebook, become a fan of the BestBeekeeping page (details of beekeeping courses are posted here too).

Alternatively, get in touch with your local beekeeping association, which should have details of all local courses being held, and will be only too willing to help beginner beekeepers.

As well as being a good way to learn, actually going to beekeeping classes is a great way to meet others interested in taking up the hobby. You would be surprised how many great friendships have been formed on beekeeping courses! And it is very useful to have someone with experience to clarify any issues you are unsure about.

In the meantime, why not sign up for our free beekeeping course? It includes lots of information for the beginner beekeeper, including the first steps you need to take before getting bees, what equipment you’ll need, the best place for your hive, bee pests and diseases to watch out for (and how to avoid them), and how to harvest all that delicious honey!

It’s free, so why not subscribe now?